nutzuloo.blogg.se - Corazon auricula

GE (gradient echo): may show blooming of calcific components.

calcific components > low signal myxomatous components > high signal

T2: can be variable due to heterogeneity in tumor components e.g.

T1: tend to be low to intermediate signal, but areas of hemorrhage may be high 3.

They are typically spherical or ovoid masses which may be sessile or pedunculated 2,3. MRI appearances are heterogeneous, reflecting the non-uniformity of these masses. If the mass is pedunculated, the motion within the heart can be demonstrated, including prolapse through the mitral valve. Calcification tends to be more common in right atrial myxoma 15. Due to repeated episodes of hemorrhage, dystrophic calcification is common 8. They are usually heterogeneously low attenuating (approximately two-thirds of cases 2,8). Myxomas, as is the case with other cardiac tumors, appear as intracardiac masses, most often in the left atrium and attached to the interatrial septum. Moreover, echocardiography can be useful to assess the mobility of the tumor, as it often protrudes through valve flaps.

They appear as hyperechogenic lesions with a well-defined stalk. pulmonary edemaĮchocardiography is usually the initial modality used for identification and evaluation of cardiac myxomas. evidence of elevated left atrial pressure, e.g.Abnormalities, if present, are non-specific and include: Radiographic features Plain radiographĬhest radiographs can be normal 2. atypical: earlier presentation multiple tumors are common and are more frequently located in the right heart or left ventricleĪn uncommon but well-described association with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes has been described, and is known as Carney complex 7-8.typical: solitary with ~75% located in the left atrium.Patients with atrial myxomas can be divided into two groups: typical (vast majority) and atypical 7,9: They most frequently arise in the left atrium, attached to the interatrial septum in the region of the fossa ovale. They can be sessile or pedunculated (commoner) and of variable size (1-10 cm).

Morphologically they are often hemorrhagic and are of variable firmness. Some authors believe that they represent organized thrombus. PathologyĬontroversy exists in regards to the exact nature of these masses, but in general, they are considered benign neoplasms. A characteristic finding in patients with pedunculated and prolapsing myxoma is the so-called "tumor plop" 7. On auscultation, a cardiac murmur is usually present.

In ~20% of patients, arrhythmias may be identified 7. may resemble infective endocarditis (fever, arthralgia, lethargy).most are left sided, and, therefore, most are systemic (brain or extremities).distribution will depend on the location of the tumor.right sided: symptoms of right heart failure.left sided: dyspnea, orthopnea, pulmonary edema.However, a triad of symptoms is recognized 7-8: Presumably, as the amount of imaging increases, so will this figure.Ĭlinical features are variable and depend on the location and other associated pathology, e.g. Clinical presentationĪpproximately 20% of patients are asymptomatic, with myxomas being found incidentally on imaging of the heart 7. There is a recognized female predilection 7,13. There is a broad range in the age of presentation (11-82 years), with most patients presenting in adulthood (mean ~50 years of age) 7 ,13. The incidence of cardiac myxomas is approximately 0.5 per million population per year 12. Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults (~50%) but are relatively infrequent in childhood, where cardiac rhabdomyomas are more frequent 8,11.